Biomedical design for improving the primary stability of dental implants in poor bone quality

Abstract

Like so many other discoveries, clinically reliable dental implants were preceded by a serendipitous observation, rather than a logical chain of experiments, leading to the final product. In an attempt to film the microcirculation of rabbit bones, Branemark noticed that the metallic cap at the end of a fiber optic cable embedded in the bone of an experimental animal had apparently become fused to the bone after remaining in situ for some days. This observation led him to postulate that the metal of the end cap, namely titanium, had properties that could be valuable in the construction of dental implants. In order to test his hypothesis, Branemark and his collaborators began a series of experiments, first in animals and later in humans, which led to the development of the first reliable dental implant. The development of new systems has been accelerated in last years and implants became a treatment modality in modern dentistry. Eventhough there are many types of implants available in the medical applications, some developments are required regarding the need of improving the success of surgical interventions. The research implemented to use titanium which is well documented to provide all necessary mechanical and bio-compatibility requirements. The focus is to propose a new implant design, not conical or cylindrical designs which are actual designs applied, but a new design which will resemble the tooth anatomy as with roots, thus increase the primary stability and open new indications to implant applications. The results of the study indicates promising positive future directions but further controlled clinical invivo research is needed for better understanding the action mechanism of the developed implant design. After the modifications are applied by the data collected from controlled clinical invivo research will be realized, developed implant design can open new treatment indications in implant dentistry.|Keywords: Implant, Dental, Primary Stability, Design, Prototype, Titanium