Crowd - labelling for continuosun - valued annotations

Abstract

As machine learning gained immense popularity across a wide variety of domains in the last decade, it has become more important than ever to have fast and inexpensive ways to annotate vast amounts of data. With the emergence of crowdsourcing services, the research direction has gravitated toward putting ‘the wisdom of crowds’ to use. We call the process of crowdsourcing based label collection crowd-labeling. In this thesis, we focus on crowd consensus estimation of continuous-valued labels. Unfortunately, spammers and inattentive annotators pose a threat to the quality and trustworthiness of the consensus. Thus, we develop Bayesian models taking different annotator behaviors into account and introduce two crowd-labeled datasets for evaluating our models. High quality consensus estimation requires a meticulous choice of the candidate annotator and the sample in need of a new annotation. Due to time and budget limitations, it is beneficial to make this choice while collecting the annotations. To this end, we propose an active crowd-labeling approach for actively estimating consensus from continuous-valued crowd annotations. Our method is based on annotator models with unknown parameters, and Bayesian inference is employed to reach a consensus in the form of ordinal, binary, or continuous values. We introduce ranking functions for choosing the candidate annotator and sample pair for requesting an annotation. In addition, we propose a penalizing method for preventing annotator domination, investigate the explore-exploit trade-off for incorporating new annotators into the system, and study the effects of inducing a stopping criterion based on consensus quality. Experimental results on the benchmark datasets suggest that our method provides a budget and time-sensitive solution to the crowd-labeling problem. Finally, we introduce a multivariate model incorporating cross attribute correlations in multivariate annotations and present preliminary observations.